oratio directa

dum, conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other,

As contemporaneous, or,

As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.

As contemporaneous.

Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.

In gen., construed with the indicative, except in oratio obliqua, where the subjunctive was sometimes used. In Aug. poets and late prose the subjunctive often stands in oratio directa, v. the following).

Indic. praes.:

dum cum hac usuraria Uxore mihi nunc morigero, haec curata sint Fac sis,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 25; so id. Aul. 4, 2, 14; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 11; Cic. Clu. 32 fin.; Verg. E. 3, 75; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 190 et saep.— In the praes. histor.:

dum haec loquimur, interea loci ad macellum ubi advenimus, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 18; Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Div. in Caec. 17, 56:

dum haec geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 1; cf.

these forms of transition,

id. ib. 3, 17, 1; 4, 32, 1; 4, 34, 3; 5, 22, 1; 6, 7, 1; 7, 57, 1; id. B. C. 1, 56, 1; 2, 1, 1 et saep. dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, nocte intermissa circiter hominum milia VI ad Rhenum contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 37, 1; id. ib. 1, 36, 1; Liv. 21, 7, 1; Verg. G. 4, 559.—In the imperf.:

dum haec in Appulia gerebantur, Samnites... urbem non tenuerunt,

Liv. 10, 36 fin.; 21, 53; 41, 14; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Tac. Agr. 41; cf.:

dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91 —In the fut.; nunc animum advortite Dum argumentum hujus eloquar comoediae, Plaut. Am. prol. 96.—In the perf.:

dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus,

Cic. Brut. 81, 292; so id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Fin. 2, 13; id. Phil. 14, 12, 33; id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Nep. Reg. 2, 2 al.—In the pluperf.:

dum in unam partem oculos animosque hostium certamen averterat, pluribus locis scalis capitur murus,

Liv. 32, 24.—In the fut. perf.:

bellum ingens geret Italia... Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas,

Verg. A. 1, 265.—Prov.:

dum loqueris,

i. e. this instant, Petr. 99.—In the oratio obliqua: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101; Liv. 2, 57; 26, 16; Tac. A. 15, 59; id. H. 1, 33; Ov. M. 4, 776 et saep.—

Subj. In oratio obliqua:

dixisti, dum Planci in me meritum verbis extollerem, me arcem facere e cloaca,

Cic. Planc. 40; so id. de Or. 1, 41 fin.; id. Mur. 24; id. Att. 5, 17, 3; Sall. C. 7, 6; Tac. H. 4, 17 fin. al.—In oratio recta:

o quotiens ausae, caneret dum valle sub alta, Rumpere mugitu carmina docta boves,

Tib. 2, 3, 19:

dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 7:

dum ea in Samnio gererentur,

id. 10, 18, 1; Ov. Pont. 3, 3, 2; Verg. G. 4, 457; Mart. 1, 22, 1; Hirt. B. Hisp. 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 35; id. Caes. 39; Hyg. Fab. 12 al.—

When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in [p. 618] the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause:

dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc.,

Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99:

dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61.—

When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause:

dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28:

dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur,

Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf.

also: dum... interim,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.—

Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.

In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.—

Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109:

dicdum,

Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7:

manedum,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4:

memoradum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103:

tacedum,

id. Men. 2, 2, 73:

tangedum,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.:

agedum (most freq.),

id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.:

agitedum,

Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.:

cedodum,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15:

ehodum,

id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. prôton men), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al.—

With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.

Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.—

Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future:

non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2:

ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus,

id. B. C. 2, 20, 3:

hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur,

id. ib. 3, 10, 7:

de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.). —

With tamdiu, tantum, tantummodo, tantisper, usque; or opp. postea, postquam, deinde, ubi, nunc, etc.—With tamdiu, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3; id. Cat. 3, 7; id. de Sen. 12, 41; id. Tusc. 5, 33 fin.; id. Att. 9, 6, 5 al.—With tantum, Liv. 27, 42.—With tantummodo, Sall. J. 53, 3.—With tantisper, Plaut. Truc. prol. 11; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 54.—With usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: dum... postea, id. Mur. 12, 26—dum... postea quam, Caes. B. G. 7, 82, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 43 fin. —dum... postquam, Sall. J. 53, 3; Liv. 21, 13; cf. Ter. And. 1, 1, 27—dum... deinde, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5; Liv. 27, 42, 13—dum... sed ubi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 5—dum... nunc, Ter. And. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 11.—For tamdiu... dum, less freq. dum... dum, as long as... so long:

sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis,

Cat. 62, 45 and 56; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 16:

dum habeat, dum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23 (al. tum).—

In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92.—

Transf.

In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive;

freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.:

dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97:

licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.:

qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41;

so without a verb,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.:

dum eatenus,

id. 1, 11, 1.—

With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo:

aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.:

sin autem jejunitatem... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 82, 285:

dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet,

Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words:

mea nil refert, dum patiar modo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265.—

With tamen, and, in Plautus (cf. above, 1. c.), with quidem.—With tamen, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314; Cels. 3, 4; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 2, 12, 7; 8 prooem. § 32; Dig. 39, 22, 4.—With quidem, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 20; id. Aul. 2, 2, 34; cf. the foll. number.—

In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not:

VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat,

Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.:

dum quidem ne,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89.—

With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.

In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf.

e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere?

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.:

ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).

Subj.:

is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.:

paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4;

so with exspectare,

id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.;

with morari,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, b:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.:

multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio,

Verg. A. 1, 5:

ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1:

differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.:

dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret,

Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.—

Indic.:

tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5;

so with opperiri,

Cic. Att. 10, 3;

with manere aliquem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28;

with exspectare,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 126;

with morari,

Liv. 27, 42; cf.:

causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems,

Verg. A. 4, 52:

retine, dum ego huc servos evoco,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.:

Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas,

Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.

circum-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut around, cut, clip, trim (orig. in agriculture;

syn.: amputo, reseco): ars agricolarum, quae circumcidat, amputet, erigat, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39:

gemmam acuto scalpello circumcidito... ejusdem spatii corticem circumcidito,

Col. Arb. 26, 8; 12, 36:

latera scrobis,

id. 5, 9, 9:

arbores ad medullam,

Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 191:

aciem,

Lucr. 3, 412:

caespitem gladiis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42:

ungues,

Cels. 7, 26, 2:

volnus,

Plin. 25, 5, 25, § 61:

genitalia (Judaeorum),

to circumcise, Tac. H. 5, 5; cf. Petr. 102, 14; Gell. 17, 15, 7; Cels. 7, 25 init. —

Trop., to cut off, shorten, diminish, abridge, circumscribe (very freq. in prose;

syn.: amputo, reseco, demo, aufero): testatur saepe Chrysippus, tres solas esse sententias, quae defendi possint, de finibus bonorum: circumcidit et amputat multitudinem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 138;

so with amputo,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 65; id. Fin. 1, 13, 44:

sumptus circumcisi aut sublati,

Liv. 32, 27, 4; so,

impensam funeri,

Phaedr. 4, 19, 25:

circumcisā omni negotiosā actione,

Cels. 4, 25:

circumcidendum vinum est in totum annum,

to be abstained from, id. 4, 20.—Of discourse, to lop or cut off, to remove:

circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

circumcidat, si quid redundabit,

Quint. 10, 2, 28; 4, 2, 42 Spald.:

(oratio) rotunda et undique circumcisa,

id. 8, 5, 27; 10, 1, 104:

ineptas quaestiones,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11.—Hence, cir-cumcīsus, a, um, P. a., lit. cut off around, cut off; hence,

Of localities = abscisus, abruptus, cut off from connection with the region around, steep, precipitous, inaccessible:

saxum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

Henna ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

collis ex omni parte circumcisus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —

Trop., abridged, short, brief (so prob. not before the Aug. per.):

quid enim tam circumcisum, tam breve, quam hominis vita longissima?

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 11.—Of discourse:

circumcisae orationes et breves,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4; cf.

supra,

Quint. 8, 5, 27. — Adv.: circumcīsē, briefly:

rem ante oculos ponere circumcise atque velociter,

Quint. 8, 3, 81; * Suet. Rhet. 6; Macr. 5, 1.

con-texo, xŭi, xtum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to weave, entwine, braid, join together; to interweave, unite, connect (class. in prose and poetry).

In gen.

Prop.:

ut earum (ovium) villis confectis atque contextis homines vestiantur?

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

alba lilia amarantis,

Tib. 3, 4, 33: haec directā materiā injecta contexebantur, these ( beams) were held together by timbers laid in a straight direction, Caes. B. G. 4, 17; so id. ib. 7, 23, 4 (cf. Jahn, Neue Jahrb. 1855, p. 516 sq.):

fossam loricamque,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

nec tam contextae cum sint (animae cum corporibus),

Lucr. 3, 695.—With dat. (post-Aug.):

optime epilogum defensioni contexit,

Sen. Contr. 7 (3), 20, 7:

sceleribus scelera contexens,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3.—

Trop.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur?

Cic. Or. 34, 120:

conjuncte nostra cum reliquis rebus,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

extrema cum primis,

id. ib. 10, 13, 2:

his et plasticen,

Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151:

partes,

Quint. 4, prooem. 7;

11, 1, 6: in verbis singulis et contextis,

id. 9, 4, 23 al.:

longius hoc carmen,

to weave on, continue, Cic. Cael. 8, 18; cf.

interrupta,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 9:

Caesaris nostri commentarios rerum gestarum Galliae, Auct. B. G. 8, prooem.: quae statim referri non poterant, contexuntur postero die,

Quint. 11, 2, 43.—

Esp., to join together, to compose, make, construct, form, put together (cf.: compono, conecto, consero, etc.).

Lit.:

equum trabibus acernis,

Verg. A. 2, 112:

puppes tenui cannā,

Val. Fl. 2, 108:

saccum tenui vimine,

Col. 9, 15, 12.—

Trop.:

orationem,

Quint. 10, 6, 2; cf.

librum,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crimen,

to devise, contrive, invent, Cic. Deiot. 6, 19.—

Neutr.: contexere de aliquā re, to treat of:

de sili,

Plin. 20, 5, 18, § 36.—Hence, contextus, a, um, P. a., cohering, connected:

contexta condensaque corpora (opp. diffusa),

Lucr. 4, 57:

oratio alia vincta atque contexta, soluta alia,

Quint. 9, 4, 19: tropos ille (corresp. with continua metaphora), id. 9, 2, 46.—

* Adv.: contex-tē, connected together, in close connection:

omnia necesse est colligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

con-texo, xŭi, xtum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to weave, entwine, braid, join together; to interweave, unite, connect (class. in prose and poetry).

In gen.

Prop.:

ut earum (ovium) villis confectis atque contextis homines vestiantur?

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

alba lilia amarantis,

Tib. 3, 4, 33: haec directā materiā injecta contexebantur, these ( beams) were held together by timbers laid in a straight direction, Caes. B. G. 4, 17; so id. ib. 7, 23, 4 (cf. Jahn, Neue Jahrb. 1855, p. 516 sq.):

fossam loricamque,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

nec tam contextae cum sint (animae cum corporibus),

Lucr. 3, 695.—With dat. (post-Aug.):

optime epilogum defensioni contexit,

Sen. Contr. 7 (3), 20, 7:

sceleribus scelera contexens,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3.—

Trop.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur?

Cic. Or. 34, 120:

conjuncte nostra cum reliquis rebus,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

extrema cum primis,

id. ib. 10, 13, 2:

his et plasticen,

Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151:

partes,

Quint. 4, prooem. 7;

11, 1, 6: in verbis singulis et contextis,

id. 9, 4, 23 al.:

longius hoc carmen,

to weave on, continue, Cic. Cael. 8, 18; cf.

interrupta,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 9:

Caesaris nostri commentarios rerum gestarum Galliae, Auct. B. G. 8, prooem.: quae statim referri non poterant, contexuntur postero die,

Quint. 11, 2, 43.—

Esp., to join together, to compose, make, construct, form, put together (cf.: compono, conecto, consero, etc.).

Lit.:

equum trabibus acernis,

Verg. A. 2, 112:

puppes tenui cannā,

Val. Fl. 2, 108:

saccum tenui vimine,

Col. 9, 15, 12.—

Trop.:

orationem,

Quint. 10, 6, 2; cf.

librum,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crimen,

to devise, contrive, invent, Cic. Deiot. 6, 19.—

Neutr.: contexere de aliquā re, to treat of:

de sili,

Plin. 20, 5, 18, § 36.—Hence, contextus, a, um, P. a., cohering, connected:

contexta condensaque corpora (opp. diffusa),

Lucr. 4, 57:

oratio alia vincta atque contexta, soluta alia,

Quint. 9, 4, 19: tropos ille (corresp. with continua metaphora), id. 9, 2, 46.—

* Adv.: contex-tē, connected together, in close connection:

omnia necesse est colligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

frons (also anciently fruns; plur. frundes, Enn. Ann. 266 Vahl.; cf. Charis. p. 105 P.—Also in nom. fros or frus, Varr. ib.; Enn. v in the foll.; cf. Prisc. p. 554 P.; and FRONDIS, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 2, 372), dis, f. [etym. dub.], a leafy branch, green bough, foliage.

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.; syn. folium).

Sing.: populea frus, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. (Edyll. 5) 158 sq. (id. Ann. v. 562 Vahl.):

ilignea, quernea,

Cato, R. R. 37, 2:

in nemoribus, ubi virgulta et frons multa,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 11:

bobus praestabit vilicus frondem,

Col. 11, 3, 101: alta frons decidit, Varr. ap. Non. 486, 13:

ne caules allii in frondem luxurient,

Plin. 19, 6, 34, § 113:

perenni frunde corona,

Lucr. 1, 119:

nigrae feraci frondis in Algido,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 58:

sine fronde,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 75:

immaturam destringere,

Quint. 12, 6, 2.—

Plur.: russescunt frundes, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 105 P. (Ann. v. 266 Vahl.):

deserta via et inculta atque interclusa jam frondibus et virgultis relinquatur,

Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

viminibus salices fecundi, frondibus ulmi,

Verg. G. 2, 446:

frondibus teneris non adhibendam esse falcem,

Quint. 2, 4, 11:

bovemque Disjunctum curas et strictis frondibus exples,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28; id. C. 3, 18, 14.—

Poet. transf., a garland made of leafy boughs, a garland of leaves, leafy chaplet: donec Alterutrum velox victoria fronde coronet, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; so in sing., id. C. 4, 2, 36; id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

nos delubra deum festa velamus fronde,

Verg. A. 2, 249; 5, 661; Ov. M. 1, 449; 565; id. A. A. 1, 108.—In plur., Ov. F. 1, 711; 3, 482.

frons, frontis, f. ( masc., Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; and ap. Fest. s. v. recto, p. 286, b, Müll.; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46 Ritschl, N. cr.; id. ap. Non. 205, 4; Caecil. ap. Gell. 15, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 17) [cf. Sanscr. brhū; Gr. ophrus; Germ. Braue; Engl. brow; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 296], the forehead, brow, front (syn.: vultus, os, facies).

Lit.:

frons et aliis (animalibus), sed homini tantum tristitiae, hilaritatis, clementiae, severitatis index: in adsensu ejus supercilia homini et pariter et alterna mobilia,

Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138:

tanta erat gravitas in oculo, tanta contractio frontis, ut illo supercilio res publica, tamquam Atlante caelum, niti videretur,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19: frontem contrahere, to contract or knit the brows, id. Clu. 26, 72; Hor. S. 2, 2, 125;

for which, adducere,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1:

attrahere,

id. ib. 6, 7: remittere frontem, to smooth the brow, i. e. to cheer up, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5;

for which: exporge frontem,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 53; cf.:

primum ego te porrectiore fronte volo mecum loqui,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 3:

explicare,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 16;

solvere,

Mart. 14, 183: ut frontem ferias, smitest thy forehead (as a sign of vexation), Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

nulla perturbatio animi, nulla corporis, frons non percussa, non femur,

id. Brut. 80, 278:

femur, pectus, frontem caedere,

Quint. 2, 12, 10:

frontem sudario tergere,

id. 6, 3, 60;

for which: siccare frontem sudario,

id. 11, 3, 148:

capillos a fronte retroagere,

id. ib. 160:

mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem Dividit,

Verg. A. 9, 750:

quorundam capita per medium frontis et verticis mucrone distincta, in utrumque humerum pendebant,

Amm. 31, 7, 14:

insignem tenui fronte Lycorida (a small forehead was regarded as a beauty by the ancients),

Hor. C. 1, 33, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 7, 26; Petr. 126; Mart. 4, 42, 9; Arn. 2, 72.—Of the forehead of animals:

est bos cervi figura: cujus a media fronte, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1:

tauri torva fronte,

Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181:

equi,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 30:

ovis,

id. F. 4, 102:

cui (haedo) frons turgida cornibus Primis,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 4:

(vitulus) Fronte curvatos imitatus ignes lunae,

id. ib. 4, 2, 57.—In plur., Lucr. 5, 1034. —

The brow as a mirror of the feelings:

non solum ex oratione, sed etiam ex vultu et oculis et fronte, ut aiunt, meum erga te amorem perspicere potuisses,

Cic. Att. 14, 13, B, 1; cf. Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 11, 44; and:

homines fronte et oratione magis, quam ipso beneficio reque capiuntur,

expression of countenance, id. ib. 12, 46:

si verum tum, cum verissima fronte, dixerunt, nunc mentiuntur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 35:

haec ipsa fero equidem fronte et vultu bellissime, sed angor intimis sensibus,

id. Att. 5, 10, 3: frons, oculi, vultus persaepe mentiuntur;

oratio vero saepissime,

id. Q. F. 1, 1, 5, § 15; cf.:

oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus, qui sermo quidam tacitus mentis est, hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Fam. 1, 9, 17:

fronte occultare sententiam,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

tranquilla et serena,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:

reliquiae pristinae frontis,

id. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

laeta,

Verg. A. 6, 862:

sollicita,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 16:

tristis,

Tib. 2, 3, 33:

gravis,

Plin. Pan. 41, 3:

humana, lenis, placida,

Sen. Ben. 2, 13:

inverecunda,

Quint. 2, 4, 16:

proterva,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 16:

urbana (i. e. impudens),

id. Ep. 1, 9, 11:

impudens, proterva, Aug. Op. imperf. c. Jul. 6, 21: impudentissima,

id. ib. 26; cf.:

impudentia frontis,

Hier. adv. Rufin. 1, 7:

fronte inverecunda nummos captare,

Val. Max. 8, 2, 2.—In plur.:

si populo grata est tabella, quae frontes aperit hominum, mentes tegat,

Cic. Planc. 6, 16.—

Prov.:

frons occipitio prior est,

i. e. better work before the master's face than behind his back, Cato, R. R. 4; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 31.—

Transf

The forepart of any thing, the front, façade, van (opp. tergum and latus):

copias ante frontem castrorum struit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1:

aedium,

Vitr. 3, 2:

parietum,

id. 2, 8:

januae,

Ov. F. 1, 135:

scena,

Verg. G. 3, 24:

(navium),

id. A. 5, 158:

pontis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9, 4:

collis ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat, et in frontem leniter fastigatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 7, 23: intervallum justum arborum quadrageni pedes in terga frontemque, in latera viceni, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 43:

octo cohortes in fronte constituit,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

quatuor legionum aquilae per frontem,

Tac. H. 2, 89:

una fronte contra hostem castra muniunt,

only in front, Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2 Herz.:

aequa fronte ad pugnam procedebat,

Liv. 36, 44, 1:

nec tamen aequari frontes poterant, cum extenuando infirmam mediam aciem haberent,

id. 5, 38, 2:

recta fronte concurrere hosti (opp. in dextrum cornu),

Curt. 4, 13 med.; cf.:

directa fronte pugnandum est,

Quint. 5, 13, 11:

veritus ne simul in frontem simul et latera suorum pugnaretur,

Tac. Agr. 35:

transisse aestuaria pulchrum ac decorum in frontem (i. e. fronti),

for the front, the van, id. ib. 33: dextra fronte prima legio incessit, on the right front, i. e. on the right wing, id. H. 2, 24 fin.:

laeva,

Claud. in Ruf. 2, 174; cf.:

frons laevi cornu haec erat,

Curt. 4, 13 fin. — Poet. transf., of clouds:

ut non tam concurrere nubes Frontibus adversis possint quam de latere ire,

Lucr. 6, 117;

of a precipice: Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,

Verg. A. 1, 166.—Esp. freq.: a fronte, in front, before (opp. a tergo and a latere):

a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur, si in Galliam venerit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32:

a fronte atque ab utroque latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.:

totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,

id. B. G. 2, 23, 4. —

The outer end of a book-roll or volume, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 11.—

The circumference of a wheel, Vitr. 10, 4.—

In measuring land = latitudo, the breadth:

mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 12; Inscr. Orell. 4558; 4560.—

Trop.

The outside, exterior, external quality, appearance (cf. species and facies;

mostly post-Aug.): Pompeius Scauro studet: sed utrum fronte an mente, dubitatur,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 7:

plus habet in recessu, quam fronte promittat,

Quint. 1, 4, 2; 11, 1, 61; cf.:

frons causae non satis honesta,

id. 4, 1, 42 Spald.:

decipit Frons prima multos,

the first appearance, Phaedr. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

dura primā fronte quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 56:

ex prima statim fronte dijudicare imprudentium est,

id. 12, 7, 8.—

The character or feelings expressed by the brow.

Poet. in partic., shame:

exclamet perisse Frontem de rebus,

Pers. 5, 104 (for which:

clament periisse pudorem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 80).—

Impudence, boldness (late Lat.; cf.

os),

Aug. Civ. D. 3, 30.

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).

Lit.

Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:

purae aedes,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:

et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,

Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:

vestis,

Verg. A. 12, 169:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

amnis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

aqua,

id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

fons,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:

lympha,

Sil. 7, 170:

amphorae,

Hor. Epod. 2, 15:

fictilia,

Tib. 1, 1, 30:

torus,

id. 1, 3, 26:

purissima mella,

Verg. G. 4, 163:

aëre purior ignis,

Ov. M. 15, 243:

hasta,

unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—

In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

sol,

clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:

orbis,

Ov. M. 4, 348:

caelum,

Tib. 4, 1, 10:

luna,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:

vesper,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

dies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:

aurum,

refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:

argentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:

gemma,

Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:

coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,

Vitr. 7, 3; and:

utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,

Dig. 6, 1, 6:

vasa,

not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:

locus,

not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:

humus,

Cic. Sen. 15, 59:

solum,

Liv. 1, 44 fin.:

ager,

Ov. F. 3, 582:

campus,

Verg. A. 12, 771:

purus ab arboribus campus,

Ov. M. 3, 709:

hasta,

without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:

toga,

without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:

esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,

unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—

Cleansing, purifying:

idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,

Verg. A. 6, 229:

sulfur,

Tib. 1, 5, 11.—

Trop.

Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:

animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,

Cic. Sen. 22, 80:

castus animus purusque,

id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

puriora et dilucidiora,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):

familia,

that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

gladium purum ab omni caede servare,

Sen. Ep. 24, 7:

purae a civili sanguine manus,

id. Suas. 6, 2:

purus sum a peccato,

Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:

pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,

Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:

animam puram conservare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

noctes, opp. spurcae,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:

corpus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:

integer vitae scelerisque purus,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:

oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:

sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53:

sermo quam purissimus,

id. 4, 2, 118:

multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),

id. 10, 1, 94:

pura et illustris brevitas,

Cic. Brut. 75, 262:

pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,

id. ib. 75, 261:

pressus sermo purusque,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:

judicium purum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

pura et directa libertas,

Dig. 40, 4, 59:

causa,

ib. 46, 3, 5.—

Clear, complete, over and above:

quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,

clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—

Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:

purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,

Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.

ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,

Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—

Not desecrated, undefiled.

Untrodden, fresh:

locus,

Liv. 25, 17, 3.—

Not defiled by a funeral or burial:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—

Free from mourning:

dies,

Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.

Lit.

Form pure:

pure eluere vasa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:

lavare,

Liv. 5, 22.—

Form puriter:

puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,

Cato, R. R. 112:

puriter lavit dentes,

Cat. 39, 14.—

Comp., brightly, clearly:

splendens Pario marmore purius,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

purius osculari,

Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—

Sup.:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66.—

Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.

Form pure:

si forte pure velle habere dixerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:

quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,

Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

pure et caste deos venerari,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:

radix caste pureque collecta,

Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:

pure et emendate loqui,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:

pure apparere,

clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:

quid pure tranquillet,

perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—

Form puriter:

si vitam puriter egi,

Cat. 76, 19.—

Sup.:

Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,

Gell. 2, 20, 5:

purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,

very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—

In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:

aliquid legare,

Dig. 8, 2, 35:

contrahi,

ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).

Lit.

Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:

purae aedes,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:

et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,

Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:

vestis,

Verg. A. 12, 169:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

amnis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

aqua,

id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

fons,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:

lympha,

Sil. 7, 170:

amphorae,

Hor. Epod. 2, 15:

fictilia,

Tib. 1, 1, 30:

torus,

id. 1, 3, 26:

purissima mella,

Verg. G. 4, 163:

aëre purior ignis,

Ov. M. 15, 243:

hasta,

unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—

In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

sol,

clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:

orbis,

Ov. M. 4, 348:

caelum,

Tib. 4, 1, 10:

luna,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:

vesper,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

dies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:

aurum,

refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:

argentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:

gemma,

Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:

coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,

Vitr. 7, 3; and:

utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,

Dig. 6, 1, 6:

vasa,

not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:

locus,

not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:

humus,

Cic. Sen. 15, 59:

solum,

Liv. 1, 44 fin.:

ager,

Ov. F. 3, 582:

campus,

Verg. A. 12, 771:

purus ab arboribus campus,

Ov. M. 3, 709:

hasta,

without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:

toga,

without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:

esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,

unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—

Cleansing, purifying:

idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,

Verg. A. 6, 229:

sulfur,

Tib. 1, 5, 11.—

Trop.

Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:

animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,

Cic. Sen. 22, 80:

castus animus purusque,

id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

puriora et dilucidiora,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):

familia,

that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

gladium purum ab omni caede servare,

Sen. Ep. 24, 7:

purae a civili sanguine manus,

id. Suas. 6, 2:

purus sum a peccato,

Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:

pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,

Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:

animam puram conservare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

noctes, opp. spurcae,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:

corpus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:

integer vitae scelerisque purus,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:

oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:

sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53:

sermo quam purissimus,

id. 4, 2, 118:

multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),

id. 10, 1, 94:

pura et illustris brevitas,

Cic. Brut. 75, 262:

pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,

id. ib. 75, 261:

pressus sermo purusque,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:

judicium purum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

pura et directa libertas,

Dig. 40, 4, 59:

causa,

ib. 46, 3, 5.—

Clear, complete, over and above:

quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,

clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—

Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:

purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,

Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.

ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,

Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—

Not desecrated, undefiled.

Untrodden, fresh:

locus,

Liv. 25, 17, 3.—

Not defiled by a funeral or burial:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—

Free from mourning:

dies,

Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.

Lit.

Form pure:

pure eluere vasa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:

lavare,

Liv. 5, 22.—

Form puriter:

puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,

Cato, R. R. 112:

puriter lavit dentes,

Cat. 39, 14.—

Comp., brightly, clearly:

splendens Pario marmore purius,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

purius osculari,

Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—

Sup.:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66.—

Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.

Form pure:

si forte pure velle habere dixerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:

quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,

Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

pure et caste deos venerari,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:

radix caste pureque collecta,

Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:

pure et emendate loqui,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:

pure apparere,

clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:

quid pure tranquillet,

perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—

Form puriter:

si vitam puriter egi,

Cat. 76, 19.—

Sup.:

Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,

Gell. 2, 20, 5:

purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,

very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—

In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:

aliquid legare,

Dig. 8, 2, 35:

contrahi,

ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.